Research and publications

Accurate recognition of seizure activity is essential for diagnostic, management and forecasting purposes, but patient-reported seizures have been shown to be unreliable. Earlier work has revealed accurate capture of electrographic seizures and forecasting is possible with an implantable intracranial device, but less invasive electroencephalography (EEG) recording systems would be optimal. Here, we present preliminary results…

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The propensity for seizures to follow circadian and multiday (i.e., weekly, monthly, or seasonal) rhythms has been documented for centuries. More recent findings from chronically recorded EEG in both human and animal studies have further elucidated the existence of multiday rhythms governing seizure timing and rates of epileptic activity [see (3) for a recent review]….

This research assessed the utility of electronic self-reported seizure diaries and non-invasive wearable physiological sensor data to estimate seizure risk in retrospective and pseudo-prospective cohorts. It has shown that non-invasive wearable sensors in the field of seizure forecasting is not only possible, but feasible and imminent. Prospective analysis and clinical trials should also be undertaken…

We are at the edge of a transition in the way that we identify, analyze, and manage seizures and epilepsy. Ultimately, data from a variety of systems will contribute to seizure forecasts and enable people with epilepsy to achieve a greater degree of safety, freedom, and dignity. Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Philippa J. Karoly, Ewan S….

While the effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on seizure occurrence has been thoroughly explored, little is known about the effects of day-to-day variations in the duration and quality of sleep on seizure probability. The results from this paper suggest that day-to-day deviations from regular sleep duration correlates with changes in seizure probability. Sleeping longer, by…

Epilepsy is among the most dynamic disorders in neurology. A canonical view holds that seizures, the characteristic sign of epilepsy, occur at random, but, for centuries, humans have looked for patterns of temporal organization in seizure occurrence. Observations that seizures are cyclical date back to antiquity, but recent technological advances have, for the first time,…

Video‐electroencephalography (vEEG) is an important component of epilepsy diagnosis and management. Nevertheless, inpatient vEEG monitoring fails to capture seizures in up to one third of patients. We hypothesized that personalized seizure forecasts could be used to optimize the timing of vEEG. We used a database of ambulatory vEEG studies to select a cohort with linked…

This study used continuous iEEG recordings obtained over an average of 1.4 years from 15 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. HFA was defined as 80- to 170-Hz events with amplitudes clearly larger than the background, which was automatically detected with a custom algorithm. The automatically detected HFA was compared with visually annotated high-frequency oscillations (HFOs)….

Seizure unpredictability is rated as one of the most challenging aspects of living with epilepsy. Seizure likelihood can be influenced by a range of environmental and physiological factors that are difficult to measure and quantify.

The human brain has the capacity to rapidly change state, and in epilepsy these state changes can be catastrophic, resulting in loss of consciousness, injury and even death. Using long-term intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings from fourteen patients with focal epilepsy, key signatures of critical slowing down prior to seizures was monitored.

Noninvasive wearable devices have great potential to aid the management of epilepsy, but these devices must have robust signal quality, and patients must be willing to wear them for long periods of time. Automated machine learning classification of wearable biosensor signals requires quantitative measures of signal quality to automatically reject poor‐quality or corrupt data segments.

Video‐electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring is an essential tool in epileptology, conventionally carried out in a hospital epilepsy monitoring unit. Due to high costs and long waiting times for hospital admission, coupled with technological advances, several centers have developed and implemented video‐EEG monitoring in the patient’s home (home video‐EEG telemetry [HVET]).

There is an increasing interest in the effect of IED burden on acute and long-term cognitive function, and so semiautomated IED detection methods used for calculating burden may be of clinical utility. Here, we report on the performance of an algorithm for computer-assisted electroencephalography (EEG) review in patients with IGE for estimating IED event onset and offset, and predicting IED burden.

Epilepsy is a unique neurologic condition characterized by recurrent seizures, where causes, underlying biomarkers, triggers, and patterns differ across individuals. The unpredictability of seizures can heighten fear and anxiety in people with epilepsy, making it difficult to take part in day‐to‐day activities. Epilepsy researchers have prioritized developing seizure prediction algorithms to combat episodic seizures for…

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly recognized as a useful tool in healthcare applications, including epilepsy. One of the most important applications of ML in epilepsy is seizure detection and prediction, using wearable devices (WDs). However, not all currently available algorithms implemented in WDs are using ML. In this review, we summarize the state of the…

View the research paper here.

Manual scoring of polysomnography data is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and most existing software does not account for subjective differences and user variability. Therefore, we evaluated a supervised machine learning algorithm, SomnivoreTM, for automated wake–sleep stage classification.

Clusters are reported to be a marker of antiepileptic drug resistance. Additionally, seizure clustering has been found to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, there are no statistical methods described in the literature to delineate bursting phenomenon in epileptic seizures.

This research shows that the transition to seizure is not a sudden phenomenon, but is instead a slow process that is characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal network resilience.

Seizures follow stereotypical pathways from start to finish, which are highly stereotypical for individuals. This research may eventually be used to guide personalised treatment strategies, like choosing anti-epileptic drugs, or designing counter-stimulation for brain implant devices.

The Lancet Neurology has recently published research from Seer team members, Pip Karoly and Dean Freestone. This research shows that daily, weekly and monthly cycles of seizures are common in men and women and can impact epilepsy treatment.

Seer team members, Dean Freestone and Pip Karoly, have published research outlining a web platform for developing seizure forecasting tools. Machine learning and cloud computing are unlocking new possibilities for developing individualised forecasts of seizure likelihood.

This article shows that different seizure populations have distinct and consistent postictal behaviors. The existence of multiple populations in some patients has implications for seizure management and forecasting, whereas the distinct postictal behaviors may have implications for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) prediction and prevention.

The estimation of seizure frequency is a cornerstone of clinical management of epilepsy and the evaluation of new therapies. Current estimation approaches are significantly limited by several factors. Comparing patient diaries and objective estimates (through both inpatient video-EEG monitoring of and long-term ambulatory EEG studies) reveal that patients document seizures inaccurately. So far, few practical alternative methods of estimation have been available.

Seizure prediction has made important advances over the last decade, with the recent demonstration that prospective seizure prediction is possible, though there remain significant obstacles to broader application. In this review, we will describe insights gained from long-term trials, with the aim of identifying research goals for the next decade.

Every morning you wake up and check the weather app on your smartphone, to see if it will rain. If the forecast probability is high enough, let’s say 80 per cent, you decide to bring an umbrella to work.
Now, imagine waking up and not knowing if you will have a seizure that day. You might not be able to go to work at all. This is the uncertainty faced by people with epilepsy every day. An app providing a daily seizure forecast would be life changing.

Seizure prediction has made important advances over the last decade, with the recent demonstration that prospective seizure prediction is possible, though there remain significant obstacles to broader application. In this review, we will describe insights gained from long-term trials, with the aim of identifying research goals for the next decade.

In 2016 Kaggle held an open-source seizure prediction competition. A total of 478 teams entered and their efforts provided hope for the millions of patients with medically refractory epilepsy that another solution exists to treat seizures.

Deep learning technology is uniquely suited to analyse neurophysiological signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) and local field potentials (LFP) and promises to outperform traditional machine-learning based classification and feature extraction algorithms.

This review highlights recent developments in the field of epileptic seizure prediction. We argue that seizure prediction is possible; however, most previous attempts have used data with an insufficient amount of information to solve the problem.

Seizure prediction would be clinically useful in patients with epilepsy and could improve safety, increase independence, and allow acute treatment. We did a multicentre clinical feasibility study to assess the safety and efficacy of a long-term implanted seizure advisory system designed to predict seizure likelihood and quantify seizures in adults with drug-resistant focal seizures.